Module 09 · Moods and participles · Izteiksmes un divdabji · Level A2

Imperative Mood

Pavēles izteiksme

Two forms: for tu (you, singular/informal) and jūs (you, plural/formal). The tu form matches the 2nd person present tense — so if you know the conjugation, you already know the imperative.

Rule for jūs

Add -iet to the tu form: lasi → lasiet (the i is not doubled), nāc → nāciet, runā → runājiet (a j is inserted after a long vowel), reflexive verbs: -ies → -ieties.

Politeness

Lūdzu softens any command: Lūdzu, runājiet lēnāk. (Please, speak more slowly.) Dodiet, lūdzu, maizi. (Please give me the bread.) Even softer — the conditional mood: Vai jūs varētu…? (could you…).

Negation

ne- + imperative: Nerunā! Neejiet! Nebaidies! Neaizmirsti! (Don't speak! Don't go! Don't be afraid! Don't forget!)

"Let's"

The mēs (we) form of the future or present tense: Iesim! (let's go), Ejam! (let's go / we're going), Sāksim! (let's start), Tiksimies! (let's meet), Runāsim latviski! (let's speak Latvian!) Or lai + verb: Lai viņš nāk! — let him come.

Common commands and requests

Nāc šurp! (come here) · Pagaidi! (wait) · Paskaties! (look) · Klausies! (listen) · Sēdies! (sit down) · Ņem! (take) · Dod man! (give me) · Atver / aizver durvis! (open / close the door) · Piezvani man! (call me) · Atkārto, lūdzu! (repeat, please) · Uzraksti! (write it down) · Ienāciet! (come in) · Apsēdieties! (please sit down) · Sakiet, lūdzu… (please tell me…).

Exercise

Form both versions: 1) rakstīt · 2) atvērt (atveru, atver) · 3) celties (ceļos, celies) · 4) palīdzēt (palīdzi)

Open the lesson in the trainer — with exercises and a “done” mark →Module test 09