Module 04 · Pronouns · Vietniekvārdi · Level A1
Demonstrative pronouns tas / tā and šis / šī
Norādāmie vietniekvārdi tas, tā, šis, šī
tas / tā means "that" and also serves as a general-purpose "this/it"; šis / šī means "this" (the near one). Both decline through every case and agree with the noun they modify.
tas / tā
| masc. sg. | fem. sg. | masc. pl. | fem. pl. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | tas | tā | tie | tās |
| Ģ | tā | tās | to | to |
| D | tam | tai | tiem | tām |
| A | to | to | tos | tās |
| I | ar to | ar to | ar tiem | ar tām |
| L | tajā | tajā | tajos | tajās |
šis / šī
| masc. sg. | fem. sg. | masc. pl. | fem. pl. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | šis | šī | šie | šīs |
| Ģ | šī / šā | šīs / šās | šo | šo |
| D | šim | šai | šiem | šīm |
| A | šo | šo | šos | šīs |
| I | ar šo | ar šo | ar šiem | ar šīm |
| L | šajā / šinī | šajā / šinī | šajos | šajās |
How to use them
- Tas as "this/it/that" at the start of a sentence: Tas ir mans draugs (This is my friend). Tā ir laba ideja (That's a good idea). Tie ir mani vecāki (Those are my parents).
- Agreement: Šis* galds, šī grāmata, šie cilvēki, šīs* dienas (this table, this book, these people, these days).
- The accusative to / šo is very common: Es to zinu (I know that). Dod man šo! (Give me this one!)
- Locative tajā / šajā: Šajā pilsētā es dzīvoju (I live in this city). Tajā laikā… (At that time…)
- Dative tam / šim: Es tam nepiekrītu (I don't agree with that).
tas + genitive = "the one that / what"
Tas, ko tu saki, ir tiesa. — What you're saying is true. Tas, kas notika… — What happened…
Exercise
1) This book is interesting. 2) I understand that. 3) My brother lives in this house. 4) Those people are my colleagues.
Answers
1) Šī grāmata ir interesanta. 2) Es to saprotu. 3) Šajā mājā dzīvo mans brālis. 4) Tie cilvēki ir mani kolēģi.Open the lesson in the trainer — with exercises and a “done” mark →Module test 04